Are there any alternatives to a pedicle for Breast Reconstruction?

In recent times more advanced techniques have been employed in which  tissue is transferred after complete removal from the body.

The blood vessels which supply blood to this skin are then reattached to  either vessels in your underarm area or from your chest.

These techniques are known either as a free TRAM flap reconstruction or DIEP flap breast reconstruction. The differences between these two different techniques lie in the amount of muscle removed.